There are twelve Universities offering the degree of Land surveyor. Approximately five students per University graduate each year.

Surveying programs are offered at nine universities, in 6 jurisdictions of Australia, as a 4-year bachelor degree of Geomatics, Geomatics Engineering, Spatial Information or Surveying. The degrees offered, increasingly covering broader topics of spatial information, have maintained the prerequisite for entering the professional field as a registered or licensed surveyor. Current student numbers graduating annually from Australian universities is approximately 250, with about 40 graduating postgraduate students involved in surveying or related spatial research areas. About 30% of students studying at an undergraduate level are women.

At university level two universities in Vienna and Graz offer education in geodesy, geoinformation, land management and surveying in a full program. The study is made up of six terms (semesters) Bachelor study with a following Master's study with a duration of 4 semesters. Besides, the baccalaureate is concluded with the academic degree Bakk.techn. and the Magisterium with the graduate in civil engineering Dipl.-Ing.

(Ref.: year 2000)

** In accordance with the agreement of Bologne BAC + 5 years + a compulsory training period of 2 years (see http://www.geometer-europas).

Surveying programs up to technician level is currently provided in MTTSR technical College, further studies available overseas e.g. U.K., Canada and Malaysia.

Between 1992-97, the former Land Titles Department had conducted the diploma degree on cadastre at the Prek Leap Agriculture Collage and systematic in-house training is taking place permanently.

In 2002, the Land Management and Administration Faculty was established in the Royal Agriculture University in Phnom Penh under the support of the Land Management and Administration Project. The support covers curriculum development, a professor exchange program, a building, furniture and office equipment, and equipment to train students in surveying and land management. The Faculty has two degrees: Bachelor degree is four years and Diploma degree is two years.

The education system for land management and cadastre surveying in China is multi-level, including higher education, secondary education, vocational education and adult education. Several universities offer bachelor's and master's programs for land resources administration, surveying, mapping and geographic information system, for example, Renmin University of China, Wuhan University, Nanjing University, Tongji University, they enroll about 3,000 students each year in these domains. Doctoral programs are also available in some universities. Technical schools have mapping, land-surveying courses for training technicians for cadastre. Both universities and secondary technical schools may offer short-term training and correspondence training courses.

In Cyprus there is no university offering a degree for cadastral surveying professionals. Most of the licensed surveyors are graduated, after following a five-year course, from the National Technical University of Athens or the Technical University of Thessaloniki.

There are 5 technical universities offering degrees in surveying (5 year study). Average annual number of graduating students is about 150.

Surveyors can only obtain their education at Aalborg University as a five-year course of study for a M.Sc. in Surveying, Planning and Land Management. The curriculum consists of one year of basic studies followed by two years of general studies and examinations in the main fields of surveying and mapping, GIS, cadastre and land-use management, and spatial planning. During the last two years of studies the students have the opportunity of specialising in certain fields of the surveying profession. The final half-year term takes the form of a final project for the dissertation thesis. About 30 students graduate each year.

A cadet survey training system to recruit new surveyors was in place since the 1950s, and had produced competent surveyors. Most of surveyors in Fiji today are the product of this cadet system. The cadet system was however abandoned in the 1980s because of the rapid changes and developments in the surveying industry, as this system was not equipped to sustain the modern and growing technology, which was changing at a very rapid rate.

While the rest of the world takes survey education and Continuing Professional Education (CPD) for granted, surveyors in Fiji struggle to maintain their standards and the lack of an education system makes matters worse.

Survey education is not offered at the University of the South Pacific ...

Master degree in eng.: 1 University with 40 graduates
Lawyers: 3 Universities
Bachelors in eng.: 3 Polytechnics with 75 graduates

At university level 9 universities offer education in geodesy, geoinformation, land management and surveying in a full program. The average duration of the programs are 5 years and about 260 graduates finish their studies annually. The degree is called Diplom-Ingenieur and is comparable to MSc.

At the BSc level 17 universities offer a 4 years program with approximately 580 graduates who finish their studies annually.

At technician level Germany has a system of apprenticeship trainings. The apprentices are employees at surveying companies, licensed surveyors or the public sector. There they have a training on the job. In additional courses in schools they are provided with the theoretical know how for their job. This apprenticeship has a duration from about 3 years and ends with an examination.

Current applicants to the Land Survey Division of the HKIS needs a land survey degree from the Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics or any other land surveying degrees which is acceptable to the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors in England. Hong Kong produces in average 30 land surveying degree holders per year.

There are two universities providing education and diploma in surveying. The Budapest Technical University has a five years course of study for MSc. in Surveying and IT knowledge. The course is rather theoretical teaching traditional subjects and IT, GIS knowledge. About 30 students graduate annually.

The West Hungarian University College of Geoinformatics in Székesfehérvár has three years course of study gives BSc. graduation. There are three faculties: land surveying, land consolidation, land registry matters. About 40-50 students graduate in regular course and 20-30 in correspondence course annually.

Survey programs are offered at all Indian university in 4 years bachelor degree of civil engineering. There are postgraduate level study in geoinformation and surveying in few selected universities in India. Beside, Survey of India has got Survey Training Institute where various level courses are run in surveying and mapping for the departmental officers and staff, state/central government sponsored candidate and private students. Trainees from neighbouring countries are also getting training in the Institute. The course for surveying and mapping, GIS/LIS, digital mapping, printing and modern technology are run in the institute.

Surveying programs are offered at two state universities and one private university, but for the spatial information programs are more widespread offered at many state and private universities especially in Java Island.

The independence of Israel in 1948 brought with it an accelerated development with a great demand for surveying and mapping services on a scale previously unknown. One of the first steps taken was the establishment of a survey school to satisfy the need for surveyors. University education became a prerequisite for a surveyor license, which undoubtedly improved the status of the profession and its practitioners. Research, applicationally oriented, became a necessity for keeping abreast of scientific and technological development.

A basic condition to become a licensed surveyor is to be graduated in geodetic engineering (4 years) or in surveying (3 years) from the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology or from a recognized institution of high education abroad. ...

The Cadastral Office has sent a lot of students (around 3,000) to the universities such as: Tehran, Khajenasir-addin, Azad, and so on to get the degrees (BSc & Msc in Geomatics, Surveying Mapping, Photogrammetry, Cartography ...). About 10% of them studying at these universities are women.

There are some lectures to train the staff of municipality hosted by National Land Survey Division or ALL Japan Land Survey Association. There is no university with the education system for cadastral surveying professionals.

There are several colleges that offer 2 years diploma in surveying and only one university that offers bachelor in Geomatics and Surveying Engineering. The annual number of university graduates is about 30 and of diploma graduates is about 56 students.

Survey training was undertaken at overseas institutions since none is available in Kiribati. Prior the ethnic unrest in the Solomon Islands our technicians were usually send there for certificate training. Outstanding staff would then pursue further training for Bachelor degree either at the PNG University of Technology or in Australia. Currently there are 3 staff in office with Bachelor degree in surveying. Two qualified from the PNG Unitech and one from Queensland University of Technology. At certificate level we have 3 qualified surveyors from TAFE(Tasmania), New Zealand and Honiara Collage of Higher Education respectively. Due to funding and limited in-service Government training offers it has been difficult recently to send our surveyors for overseas training. Other agencies however such as the Australian Open Equity scholarships offered through AusAid has been an alternative source for funding for our trainee surveyor to undertake survey training mainly in Australia.

The Korea cadastral education system has 3 levels, those are high school, college and university, to bring up a skilled technical and engineering human resources who study the land management, cadastral administration system and cadastral surveying both theory and practices.

Table 2: Cadastral Education Organization (Dec. 2002).

In Latvia, two universities offer education in cadastral surveying and land surveying programs.

Latvian Agricultural University offers 4-year academic bachelor program in land surveying with engineering bachelor degree in land surveying and 5-year professional program in land surveying with engineer degree. Post-graduate 2-year program is available with MSc. ing. degree. From 2001 until 2005 average annual number of graduating students with bachelor degree was 19, with MSc degree - 2.

Riga Technical University offers 3-year bachelor program in geodesy and cartography with engineering bachelor degree ...

At the university level the Lithuanian Agricultural University offers the education in real property cadastre, register and surveying. In the year 2002 about 50 BSc and about 28 MSc graduated the university. The Vilnius Gediminas Technical University offers the education in real property cadastre, geodesy and cartography for the BSc and MSc level courses, where in 2002 about 50 BSc and 20 MSc graduate the university.

At the college level the Kaunas College, the Kaunas College of Forestry and Environment Engineering, the Vilnius College of Construction and Design and the Kretinga Higher Agricultural School offer education in land management, cadastre, geodesy and engineering. Studies last for 3 years and in 2002 about 100 students graduated these colleges.

The professional surveyor is required to undergo and receive an effective and proper formal surveying education in a tertiary institution. Surveying programmes are offered at two universities, namely the University of Technology Malaysia (UTM), and University Institut Teknologi MARA (UiTM). At both universities, the land surveying course is designed in such a way that it blends academic requirements with the overall government policy on education and other requirements considered beneficial to the nation. About 40 graduated annually from both universities, with about 15 or so postgraduate students involved in surveying or related research areas. Currently, about 10% of students studying at undergraduate level ...

In 2001, 3201 students received a licentiate degree in Civil Engineering, 29 for Engineers in Geography, 99 for Geography, 1 for Engineer in Geodesy, none for Geomatics and Geoinformatics Engineering, 185 for Surveyor Engineers. In 2002, 12 students received the licentiate degree in Automatized Cartography, and 6 a doctor degree in Geography. Source: ANUIES, ibidem.

There are no universities in Namibia offering a land surveying degree. Students have to go overseas or to South Africa to obtain a degree. There is average one person per year graduating.

The Polytechnic of Namibia introduced in 1996 a certificate course in land measuring. The course has been developed into a three years cadastral diploma course. Approximately 15 land measurer have graduated every year from the Polytechnic of Namibia.

Land Management Training Centre of Ministry of Land Reform and Management conducts 3 levels of training, namely: Basic Survey (SLC Candidates), Junior Surveyor (I. Sc. candidates) and Senior Surveyor (B. Sc. candidates). Few years back, Government decided to give authority to Private Sector to conduct basic Surveyor course, accordingly, at present, there are 5 such institutes where basic Surveyor course conducts. Tribhuwan University, Nepal is working to open the Graduate Course in Surveying. This course being realized very important, the reason is, at present, scholarships to go to abroad for such courses are not available and the person do not go with self-finance in this field. So, if there is no promotion of education in this sector, the surveying profession will, in near future, face crisis in skill human resources.

At university level the Delft University of Technology offers education in geodesy in a full programme. In 2002 it was decided to cancel the BSc level course. Now 1 MSc course remained, in higher geodesy. Main reason for this decision was the still lower application of new students (some 5 last year, while this has been about 20-30 average.

The International Institute for Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation ITC offers MSc degree courses a.o. for geo-informationmanagement, urban planning and land administration. As the ITC since 2005 is an associated institute of the United Nations University, short and long courses are offered dedicated to land management and land administration. ...

A 4-year survey degree is offered only at the University of Otago, covering land surveying, planning, subdivision engineering design and spatial information systems. Currently about 50 students graduate annually, with about 30 seeking and obtaining licensing.

The educational system in Norway for cadastral surveying is spread over two levels. Four Norwegian colleges offer education where cadastral science is part of the study. You can have a degree in Land Consolidation in Bergen, and a bachelor in Geomatics in Gjřvik, Bř and Ĺlesund. Three Norwegian universities offer education where cadastral science is part of the study. Both the Agricultural university of Norway and the Norwegian Institute of Technology give the possibility for a master degree in Geomatics. Oslo University offers a master degree in equivalent Geographical subjects.

BSGE as a five (5) year course, is offered by only eight (8) universities: two (2) in Northern Luzon, one (1) in Central Luzon, two (2) in the Metro Manila, one (1) in Bicol Region, one (1) in Visayas and one (1) in Mindanao.

Annually, less than one hundred (100) students are graduating in the course and around half are able to pass the Board Exam.

The course, basically includes the following subject: plain surveying, geodetic surveying, laws on natural resources, land laws, mathematics, astronomy, cartography, photogrammetry, cadastral surveying, lithography, least squares, hydrography, route surveying, mining surveying, land use planning, photo-interpretation, gravimetry, remote sensing, satellites surveying and computer science. Mathematics subjects are scattered from first year to fifth year, from algebra to calculus and matrix.

Only three (3) out of ten (10) students are women and around forty percent (40%) are working students.

There are presently only two Universities offering the Land Surveying Degree, namely Cape Town University and the University of Natal. The average number of students graduating from Cape Town is 10 annually, and from Natal 15 annually.

The formal training of surveyors in Sri Lanka began in 1896, when the first training class for Surveyors started on 19th October 1896. Until 1910 the surveyors were trained at the Technical College in Colombo. In 1912 the Survey Department started a training school to train the surveyors attached to the department. With the improvements in the technology the Government decided to upgrade the Department Training school to the Institute of Surveying and Mapping (ISM) in 1967. Afterwards, the Institute has gradually taken over almost all the basic training needs of the Survey Department and few other State Organizations. They have been trained up to Diploma Level in Surveying. Apart from this Diploma Course, a ...

Master Degrees in land surveying/land administration/ real property economic can be obtained from the Royal Technical University in Stockholm (about 70 per year) the Technical University in Lund (about 30 per year). In addition there are possibilities to obtain a B Sc in the University College of Trollhättan (about 20 per year) and Gävle (about 30 per year).

On the university level, there are education programs in surveying on both campuses of the Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), one in Zurich and the other in Lausanne. Both offer programs equivalent to Masters degrees, which focus more on rural and environmental engineering with mostly optional courses in geomatics. The tendency towards environmental engineering over the last few years is actually a big challenge for geomatics. Around 50-60 students graduate from both ETH's combined each year.

In Switzerland, there are also two technicums that offer bachelor degrees in surveying (in Muttenz and Yverdon). Both technicums combined have 20-30 graduates annually.

There is only one institution offering degree courses in Land Surveying (Geomatics) in Tanzania. It is the Dar es Salaam based University College of Lands and Architectural Studies (UCLAS). UCLAS is a Constituent College of the University of Dar es Salaam.

The degree programme in Geomatics takes four years. Admission qualifications are Form Six Secondary Education with two principal level passes in Mathematics and Physics or Geography or Chemistry or Biology. Equivalent entry qualifications are also available. The annual number of student enrolment has been rising steadily. This number is poised to keep rising from the current average of 30 to 40.

Ardhi Institute Morogoro trains survey technicians at certificate and ordinary diploma levels. Each level produces an annual output of about 50. This Institute admits ex-Form four and six secondary school leavers. The duration for each of the certificate and diploma courses is two years.

There are two main education categories for cadastral surveying professionals in Turkey. Under the 7 (seven) universities, Department of Geodesy and Photogrammetry Engineering (offering 4-years bachelor degree) is the main education part. About 500 graduates totally finish their studies annually. The other education body is College of Map Cadastre (2-years education). These colleges are under 24 universities and about 2000 students finish their studies annually.