Strengthen the Cadastral Federal Council in order that it can comply with a wider range of requirements.

• Make efforts in order to achieve, as soon as possible, the new National Law of Cadastre.
• Disseminate the results of the above mentioned survey.
• Increase the coordination, cooperation and communication among cadastral organizations and related ones, in order to improve their capacity building.

1. Access to data by the Internet and wireless communication:
Much attention is currently focussed on the dissemination of spatial information through spatial data infrastructures (SDI). SDIs have evolved out of and rely on a state's or a country's land administration system and are the key infrastructure in enabling land to be efficiently and effectively ...

2. Fully integrated spatial environment "Virtual Australia" addressing sustainable development:
In a federation of states where each jurisdiction is responsible for their own development, there are a whole range of differences such as interoperability, jurisdictional responsibility, privacy, cost recovery, custodianship ...

Modernization of technical aspects (data model, process model and metadata), IT-tools and marketing for brought use of these information as part of an information infrastructure provided by the government (eGovernment).

The current initiatives for the late sharing of the inheritances is a better collaboration with the Notaries.

For the problems of the boundaries, it will be a law taking in compliance of the Mortgage law that will impose the preliminary cadastration before the act transferring the immovable property and also a map when new boundaries are created.

Digital maps are available within the departments network although initiatives are being made so that this cadastral information is available in the net.

1. The Land Management and Administration Project to register 1 million land titles.
2. Drafting law on management of state land.
3. Drafting Sub-decree on registration of indigenous land rights.
4. Drafting Sub-decree on social concession.
5. Drafting Sub-decree on condominium.

---

A new resurvey program has been established to speed-up the project and which take advantage of all sporadic surveys that carried out.

The Cyprus Government adopted in December 2005 the European strategy towards implementing electronic governance under the e-Europe2005 project.

After the successful operation of an Integrated Land Information System, which satisfies the needs of the Department of Lands and Surveys, the development of a National Integrated Land Information System can now take place. A Land Information Council was created by the Government in 1994 after a Council of Ministers Decision. This Council consists of a total of 11 permanent members coming from several Ministries, Government Departments, Utilities, and Local Government. A re-organization of the Council's structure is however necessary to make it more effective and efficient.

Reorganization of organizational structure of the COSMC is being prepared. Instead of present 77 Cadastral Offices only 14 Cadastral Offices (with many working places in districts) will be arranged. The reorganization comprises also a mild rEducation of employees and a rigorous separation of cadastral and surveying activities.

As a result of legislation activities there are a new Regulation on providing cadastral data (modified condition of remote access to cadastral data, access to data via every standard Post Office), some amendments to the Survey and Cadastral Administration Act (reorganization), and amendments to the Survey Act. A quite new complex Cadastral Law was submitted to the government (in connection with a newly prepared Civil Code).

Wider use of free of charge remote access to cadastral data via Internet is under discussion with the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Informatics.

A system of digital lodgement of cadastral data is currently being implemented in order to improve the interaction between the private surveying firms and National Survey and Cadastre and thereby improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the cadastral processes. The digitalisation of the cadastral register and the cadastral maps has paved the way for changing the whole cadastral process into a digital one. The software, entitled MIA, has been developed by the initiative of the National Survey and Cadastre in cooperation with the private surveyors association. By implementing this new concept of digital lodgement still more responsibilities will be placed in the private sector. The initiative is also regarded as one of the pilot projects within the efforts of introducing e-government in Denmark.

1. GPS for cadastral survey is an area that the Department of Lands and Survey is studying at the moment. There is still a lot of work to be done but we expect to base our decision on the Australian and NZ experiences

2. The Surveyor Registration Board has approved the setting up of a local survey training course together with the syllabus and course content. Submissions have been made to Ausaid and FIG (International Federation of Surveyors) for assistance in terms of funding and personnel

Continuous development. We have recently concluded a comprehensive project in co-operation with the municipalities. Ministry of Justice and National Land Survey to develop a uniform cadastre. The next steps will be to fine tune and further develop the cadastre according to user experiences. The quality of data will be improved according to standards that are to be defined.

The 'Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Vermessungsverwaltungen der Länder der Bundesrepublik Deutschland' (AdV) (Working Committee of the Surveying Authorities of the States of the Federal Republic of Germany) decided to design a new and future oriented system ALKISâ in combination with a re-design of the Official Topographic and Cartographic Information System ATKIS®.

ALKIS® in combination with ATKIS® is designed to:

• process all necessary cadastral and topographical data for a parcel based map and register of land owners, land use and more unified basic data for the entire Republic,
• control the use and maintenance of the system, and to ...

The Land Registry has tried to adopt a titles registration system in parallel with the existing deeds registration. The Titles Registration Bill is expected to become an ordinance in the near future.

The Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors proposes a systematic re-survey of all the land lots in New Territories. The cost of this project is estimated at 240 million US dollars or 1,200 US dollars per lot.

Under the National Cadastral Program the digital cadastral mapping in the rural area will be completed before end of 2004. The TAKARNET on line data service will be fully operational before the end of 2003.

Since the first five years plan in the country, planners had been advocating proper maintenance of land records, which are the basis of good administration aimed at social justice through better implementation of rural development programmes. During 7th five year plan it was decided that" the land records form the base for all land reforms measures and, therefore, regular periodical updating of land records is essential in all states. This will necessarily have to include scientific survey of unmeasured land and recording of rights of tenants and share-croppers which have remained unrecorded until now".

This activity will require adopting latest information technology for ...

The current initiatives that are being undertaken:

• Adopting high-tech in surveying and mapping;
• Simplifying land registration procedures;
• Developing nation wide land information system;
• Simplifying land registration requirements;
• Working together with other government institutions in the acquisition of existing land data and information;
• Reforming land and cadastral laws and regulations.

1. Accelerating Registration: The development of means necessary to shorten the checking and approval process to the minimum is already under way. ...

2. Legal Coordinated Cadastre

3. Development of a better cadastral practice at the survey of Israel

4. Classification of licensed surveyors

5. 3D Cadastre: Starting from October 2004, there has been active in SOI a 3D cadastre division. This division leads the activities for the preparations ...

6. The use of GPS in cadastral surveys

7. Cadastral Information Supply via Internet: One of the important tasks of the cadastral activity in Israel is the preparation of mutation plans, which ...

8. New Survey Regulations: The Survey of Israel (SOI) is responsible for preparing and updating Survey Regulations for Geodetic Control Networks, ...

1. Automation of Abstracts of Deeds: In some Land registration offices especially in Tehran, the abstracts of deeds have been recorded in the computer and expected to have full digital abstraction within two next years.
2. Make a new Cooperation between Cadastre and the other mapping agencies: The National Cartographic Centre and Cadastral office as well as National Geographic Organization have intention to be coordinated through HCSM and also have recently some directly linkage between them.
3. Make the networks within the provinces to access the cadastral data: Within state there is strong need to change or send the data and make some legal queries as well.

1. Some services are provided to promote the cadastral survey.
2. Some municipalities try to share the information of cadastral survey results including new survey in the municipal office by using GIS.
3. It is necessary to promote the reasonable plan and carry out the cadastral survey properly.

1. The alternative that DLS come up with after consulting international experts on this issue (mainly German experts through GTZ) is the concept of partial resurveying. The concept strategy is to renew the cadastral ...

2. DLS offered and is still offering scholarships to its employees to obtain a bachelor degree in geomatics and surveying engineering and in the same time the licensed surveyors are obliged to attend training courses ...

3. In its effort to improve the quality of its products and services, DLS has introduced the concept of quality assurance system ISO 9002 in mid of 2002. ISO 9002 certification was granted to the head quarter of DLS ...

4. Technical specifications are revised and explained and their implementation by all concerned parties are strictly followed. ...

Coordination of cadastral mapping for all outer islands into a common geocentric datum is as important an initiative as the development of a sound strategic approach for undertaking the cadastral survey of all customary plots on Kiribati. Currently there are project documentations still in its compilation stage where GPS surveying is to be employed to establish and re-coordinate existing geodetic controls onto a geocentric datum. This step is essential to enable the establishment of a national SDI that would encompass all islands of Kiribati onto one system.

Digitization of Cadastral Map: The project of the Digitization of Cadastral Map is to build a digital data base by electronic disk files and surveying data coming from TS (total station) in field. The cadastral information is opened for the public and linked to the other database as facility mapping data for the multi-purpose. The duration of the project is 5 years (1999-2003) and 0.75 million sheets of cadastral map data is input and running for the graphic purpose.

1. With merging graphical part of Cadastre in central database, which is planned at the end of 2006, the problematic overlapping of land parcel boundaries will be identified. In January 1, 2006, Surveying Department has been established in SLS in order to deal with land disputes.

2. Both Cadastre Register and Land Register are state institutions in subordination to Ministry of Justice. Ministry of Justice has adopted decision on merger of them until 2010 in the framework of Lisbon protocol program.

3. As mentioned in the first point, it is planned to implement central database for graphical part of Cadastre in 2006. This task is set as a top priority for SLS in 2006. Problem of creation of central database for textual data will be solved later.

1. The overlapping parcels and those with gaps are adjusted during the development and improvement of the cadastral map.
2. In 2003, an international project on strengthening the state registers was initiated and will start in 2004. It will address the issues on improving the technological links between the Register on Real Property and the Register on Mortgage.
3. In 2003 the Centre of Register is implementing a new version of the information system of Real Property Register, which aims at integrating the land and buildings on it.
4. The issue of Address Register has been touched upon while implementing international projects that made analysis of the current situation and lodged proposals for its establishment, including the legal, technological and technical aspects. Also a pilot project in Trakai district was implement, which addressed the issue of addresses. At present the Government of the Republic of Lithuania passed a resolution and delegated the Centre of Registers to establish Address Register. An initiative is taken and a new project is under preparation, which will focus on the establishment of Address Register.

1. The Land Registry encourages people to get their land registered by stressing the advantages prescribed by the Land Registration Act.
2. The Cartography and Cadastre Bureau and Land Registry conclude an agreement on data exchange via the intranet.
3. A new Cadastral Information System under construction will facilitate data integration. At present, we are trying to foster greater interdepartmental cooperation and collaboration as to provide better services and products.

1. Accreditation of Surveyors
Significant steps have been taken in Malaysia to adopt the quality philosophy both within the public and private sector. DSMM has introduced a system ...

2. Enhancing the DCDB
The importance of the DCDB has been recognised; without a complete DCDB, it is unlikely that NaLIS would be able to meet the expectations of the ...

3. Integration of CDMS and CLRS
There could evidently be extensive benefits if the CDMS of DSMM and the Computerised Land Registration System (CLRS) of Land Office are linked ...

4. Propagating Work in the Digital Environment
To complement the initiatives of DSMM, the LSBPM has also initiated several programmes of its own, which are aimed at providing the impetus for ...

Now, a National Regulating Framework is being elaborated and conformed, as well as its system implementation.

Urban areas

The Government of Namibia started investigating alternative forms of land tenure aimed at the lowest income sectors of community. The Ministry ...

Rural areas

The Ministry of Lands, Resettlement and Rehabilitation is responsible for the overall administration of state land, including communal areas. Currently, ...

Seamless cadastral coverage

Initiatives on are way to generate a computerized coverage of all cadastral and administrative boundaries to the benefit for valuation, land taxation, ...

1. Improvement in the accuracy
To improve the accuracy and reliability of the cadastral documents the following measures are taken into action :

• Launch programme to provide awareness in the context of ...

2. Redefine the word Verification and Adjudication
A team of members is constituted to define properly the word verification of the existing document so that it will not mislead the technician and administrator concerned in the process of mapping and in the land ...

3. Minimize the number of Land Administration Organizations
Discussion is in process to reduce the number of organizations related with land administration and trying to develop a system to coordinate these organizations and to integrate and consolidate the document in one ...

1. Recording of all public encumbrances on land. There are about 80 of this kind of public rights to land, of which 20 are indeed recorded yet. Law is endorsed by the Parliament to impose recording of public encumbrances ...

2. Law is endorsed in the Parliament pertaining to electronic submission of deeds. This opened the opportunity for the notary public to submit notarial deeds as a digital file per 1 September 2005. The concept is that notary public keeps ...

3. ICT renewal programme is currently running (-> 2010). This concerns reduction of complexity (of different platforms, databases and protocols), centralisation of databases and database management, integration of spatial databases ...

4. As a result of the ICT renewal programme, the rationale for the existence of regional offices is getting less and less. Since September 2005 is it possible to lodge deeds electronically. Already the first months over 30,000 deeds were ...

Most of the above are on a 2-5 year development plan.

1) A national parcel map database is under implementation by the NMCA in co-operation with the municipalities. A new Norwegian cadastre system will be implemented during 2007 and 2008, based on today's information from the GAB system and the national parcel database.

2) New law on Cadastral issues

3) Quality improvement

Several projects are being eyed by the government to address the above-noted problems such as Land Records Management and Information System (LRMIS) and Land Administration and Management Project (LAMP). Their aim, among others, is to automate land records.

With fully computerized Cadastral Information System, the government hopes to achieve the following:

1. The Land/Cadastral data/information can be shared with other government offices as well as the requesting public as quickly as possible.
2. The system can be used in expediting processing of documents ...

---

In order to get the full benefit of having clear title it is important to remove existing restrictions to the land market. One aspect is to enable land users with existing permits and leases to have full ownership rights. This work will be carefully conducted under the Policy Formation sub-component and will require specific legislative changes to the existing State Lands Ordinance and Land Development Ordinance. Some work has already been done by the Land Commissioner's Department and this will be continued and draft revisions for the laws will be prepared by the end of year 1.

A range of other laws that affect land titling activity or that will be affected by the above changes also need to be reviewed.

• Parliament has approved legislation on 3D real property formation, which will come into force 1 January 2004.
• Ongoing daily reform work to improve working procedures based among others on customary satisfaction investigations
• Development works to change IT support system to latest computer technology.

In response to the above challenges, the Federal Directorate for Cadastral Surveying (V+D) is undertaking the following initiatives:

1. Complete data coverage: V+D adopted a strategy in 2001 for a complete AV93 coverage of all Cantons until the end of 2007.

2. "Land cover" layer in agricultural areas: V+D started a project for the acceleration of the AV93 information layer "land cover" in the transition zones between forest and agricultural areas. Data acquisition is being done mainly through the use of digital orthophoto maps.

3. Integration of public restrictions and responsibilities: V+D and the private sector surveyors have established working groups for the discussion of the technical and organizational inclusion of public restrictions and ...

Steps taken to address the identified issues include:

• Request for more funds from Treasury to be able to acquire equipment and implement various activities.
• Cost recovery from cadastral services provided as a measure of sustainability.
• Decentralization of services to District/Urban Council levels to avail services promptly to those who need them.
• Using state-of-the-art technology wherever possible to speed up delivery of services.
• The 20,000 Plots Project in Dar es Salaam is being emulated in other urban areas to mitigate the problem of supply of planned, surveyed and serviced parcels.
• Acquisition of modern equipment to speed up work performance.
• Adoption of the de Soto program as a measure to recognize properties in the informal settlements.
• Involve more participation of the private sector in the cadastral system to cut down direct expenditure by government.
• Etc.

1. Turkish Land Registry and Cadastre Information System (TAKBIS) project has been started in 1999. Some of the purposes of this project are:

• Providing reliable land information required for land and land-related activities and decision makers.
...

2. Because of the information system requirements, necessity of resolution of the non-coordinated graphical cadastral sheets has come to order. So, there are two ways to realize it:

• Revision of the property system where the non-coordinated graphical cadastral sheets was done via land readjustment.
...

3. In big cities, infrastructure measurements have been started in supervision of Infrastructure Coordination Center called AYKOME.

• Some services are provided to promote the cadastral survey. ...

• Establecimiento de un programa de capacitación para la elaboración y formulación de proyectos de catastro municipal
• Proyecto con la empresa canadiense DMR Conseil "Análisis de factibilidad y de planificación estratégica con respecto a la elaboración e implantación de los sistemas requeridos por el IGVSB en materia de gestión catastral, protección de derechos inmobiliarios y valoración".
• Solicitud de crédito adicional interno o externo con el fin de ejecutar proyectos cartográficos y de redes geodésicas.